axle · guides
Accessibility compliance guides
Practical engineering-focused guides for WCAG 2.1 / 2.2 AA compliance. Regional guides cover how each jurisdiction transposed the EAA (and Israel's parallel framework). Stack guides cover the specifics of building accessible applications in the most common web stacks. All guides are written for developers and engineering leads — no legalese, no vendor fluff.
Regional guides
EAA 2025 transpositions and parallel frameworks, sorted by market size.
EU · overview
EAA 2025 — the directive, the obligations, the timeline
What the European Accessibility Act actually requires, who is in scope, and how the 27 national transpositions diverge.
EAA · Germany
Germany — Barrierefreiheitsstärkungsgesetz (BFSG)
BFSG scope, Bundesfachstelle für Barrierefreiheit enforcement, up to €100k fines, German-language statement requirements.
EAA · France
France — ordonnance n° 2023-859 and RGAA 4.1
RGAA 4.1 legal weight, ARCOM enforcement, sanctions pécuniaires, French-language statement under Article 47.
EAA · Italy
Italy — D.Lgs. 82/2022 and the Legge Stanca
AgID enforcement, sanzione amministrativa up to 5% turnover, accessibility statement in Italian.
EAA · Spain
Spain — Ley 11/2023 and Real Decreto 193/2023
OAW observatorio scans, multilingual statement (Spanish, Catalan, Basque, Galician), fines up to €600k.
EAA · Ireland
Ireland — S.I. 636/2023
NDA guidance, CCPC enforcement, €60k per offence + unusual director-liability exposure.
EAA · Netherlands
Netherlands — Implementatiewet toegankelijkheid
ACM enforcement, €900k / 1% turnover penalty ceiling, toegankelijkheidsverklaring pattern.
EAA · Belgium
Belgium — Loi / Wet 28 November 2022
SPF Économie / FOD Economie enforcement across three language regions, €80k per violation.
EAA · Austria
Austria — Barrierefreiheitsgesetz (BaFG)
Sozialministeriumservice enforcement, VStG fines to €80k, BGStG civil-claim double exposure.
EAA · Sweden
Sweden — Tillgänglighetslagen
DIGG enforcement, sanktionsavgift up to 10 MSEK, parallel DO discrimination pathway.
EAA · Portugal
Portugal — Decreto-Lei 82/2022
AMA / ASAE enforcement, RGCE contraordenações up to €44,891, complementary AccessMonitor.
EAA · Poland
Poland — Ustawa o dostępności
UOKiK turnover-linked fines, 38M consumers, fastest-growing EU e-commerce market.
EAA · Denmark
Denmark — Lov om tilgængelighedskrav
Digitaliseringsstyrelsen + Forbrugerombudsmanden, parallel Ligebehandlingsnævnet complaint pathway.
ישראל · תקנה 35
תקנה 35 — שירות נגיש באינטרנט
מחוץ ל-EAA אבל פנימית לישראל: דרישות שירות המשפט, הצהרת נגישות בעברית, נציב שוויון.
Stack guides
Accessibility patterns for the most common web frameworks and platforms.
Stack · Next.js
Next.js accessibility — RSC, App Router, metadata
Server components, useId, focus management on route changes, CI with @axe-core/playwright.
Stack · React
React accessibility — the practical guide
Component semantics, useId forms, focus management, jest-axe + Playwright, and a CI pipeline.
Stack · Vue / Nuxt
Vue accessibility — the practical guide
Vue 3.5 useId, route focus, vitest-axe + Playwright, Nuxt specifics, CI pipeline.
Stack · Angular
Angular accessibility — CDK a11y, Material, cypress-axe
FocusTrap / LiveAnnouncer primitives, Material patterns, reactive forms, router focus, CI.
Stack · Shopify
Shopify accessibility — theme, checkout, catalog
Theme audit, Liquid templates, Checkout Extensibility limits, catalog-scale scanning.
Stack · WordPress
WordPress accessibility — themes, plugins, Gutenberg
Block editor patterns, plugin-conflict testing, axle-wordpress plugin for per-page scans.
Reference
Checklists, alternative comparisons, and the overlay-widget reference.
Checklist
WCAG 2.2 AA — printable checklist
All 55 success criteria with plain-language engineer-facing descriptions and quick examples.
Reference
Why accessibility overlays don't work
FTC $1M accessiBe settlement, Princeton 2023 study, regulator methodology, what to do instead.
Reference
Web accessibility audit — scope, cost, template
How to commission a real audit, cost ranges, VPAT, and how pre-scans cut billable hours by 40-60%.
Emergency
I got an ADA demand letter — the first 48 hours
Engineering-side playbook: preserve evidence, scan and inventory, engage counsel, publish a dated plan.
Alternative
accessiBe alternative — compliance without the overlay
Side-by-side comparison of accessiBe's overlay model vs axle's CI-first source-fix approach.
Alternative
UserWay alternative — compliance without the widget
Why UserWay's widget fails EAA / EN 301 549 evaluation, and what to do instead.
Alternative
AudioEye alternative — real fixes in the source
Comparison of AudioEye's hybrid overlay-plus-audit model vs axle's PR-embedded workflow.
Missing a country or stack?
Guides are prioritised by traffic and regulator pressure. If you'd like coverage for another EU member state, a stack (Vue, Svelte, Rails, Django, .NET), or a specific industry vertical (fintech, healthcare, edtech), email asaf@amoss.co.il with the market context. Practical case studies help prioritisation.